Many businesses today are showing more and more interest in choosing ethernet applications as part of their overall network infrastructure. However, too often they do so without arming themselves with enough information to make a smart business decision. Word of warning .... get smart first.

Ethernet is a multiple access technology where the entire bandwith is available to each user on a contention basis. T1/DS3 on the other hand is a (time-division) multiplexing technology. Where in fractionilized form it will allow users continual access to the their own individual 56K/64K timeslot.

Now, while we can discuss grouping timeslots or making the entire bandwidth available, there is one aspect missing in the T1/DS3 argument and that is contention - simply how do we allocate the bandwidth to multiple users. Ethernet employs this by design. But I would expect that T1/DS3 needs an additional resource to implement this .... especially for a voice application aspect. Now, I guess that there is an argument for utilizing a real TDMA technology. But then we come down to cost. Ethernet is pretty damned cheap and can offer flexibility of design/installation. Where traditional TDMA technology relies on pretty precise timing across multiple hosts within the network and therefore becomes increasingly expensive.

Today businesses are moving to Ethernet based Internet networks because of:

- Speeds Available: For example Time Warner Telecom offers 2 Mbps - GigE.

- Scalability: very easy to upgrade speeds and can be deployed via copper or fiber optics: T1, DS3 or OC3 - OC192.

- Hardware Costs: less expensive and easier to maintain. A 10/100 Ethernet Card in any Layer2 device (i.e. Firewall) or Layer3 device (i.e. Router) is all you need to terminate your service.

- Network Simplicity: instead of having a router and firewall, you only need one piece of hardware and companies are using Firewalls that have routing capabilities (which eliminates the purchase and maintenance of a router). This helps out your IT budget, equipment maintenance (your LAN is already Ethernet) and you have less points of failure on your network (the more hardware devices you have, the more points of failure in your network).

- Fiber Optics: ISP's would rather deploy their fiber optics than lease DS3 local loops from RBOC's or ILEC's. Carriers are expanding their fiber optic footprints and more ISP's are offering fiber optics to deploy faster and better quality Internet for businesses. Thus the ethernet connection.

Overall Ethernet is great for businesses on three counts:

1) Price Point - the cost of Ethernet devices and interfaces is significantly less than the cost for the others you mentioned because, among other things, market penetration of Ethernet means economies of scale come into play, driving the cost down. In addition, Ethernet is usually a non-tariffed service, so market competition allows for the price to come down as well (as compared to tariffed services supplied by the telcos).

2) More engineers understand it - it's a lot easier to troubleshoot and maintain because a significantly higher number of engineers/admins understand and are comfortable with Ethernet. Having an optical engineer or telco engineer on staff will cost you much more than an Ethernet "engineer".

3) Ubiquity - it looks like the big players are driving the market (or are being pulled by the market) towards Ethernet. That means that most technological innovation is directed towards Ethernet, not T-1's, DS-3's etc.

With that said, I don't think Ethernet is going to supplant optical offerings, particularly DWDM, in the long-haul market. Timing and error correction are too critical to long-haul transport and Ethernet doesn't really have either. So, I see Ethernet as an optimal last-mile technology that is carried over optical services.

One caveat, if your business model needs to support legacy telco applications (non VOIP) along with outside bandwidth, then channelized T services may be more appropriate. That is, if you want 15 channels of a T-1 for voice and 9 channels for Data that may make more sense than having two separate connections, one for voice and one for data.

I doubt that anyone would disagree with Ethernet being the absolute best protocol for a businesses internal LAN. But I have been seeing more and more ISP's trying to deliver their data already Ethernet encapsulated. Rather than provide standard conditioning over a DSL, T1, DS3 ..... they want to transport the data already Ethernet encapsulated. This is usually done to allow them to offer additional services such as a firewall at their NOC, rather than your site. But you give up a lot by letting them convert your data to Ethernet packets at their NOC.

First you give up bandwidth. They still have to transport your data over their pipes to your location using whatever form of encapsulation needed by that transport (DSL, T1, DS3, etc.). But there are the additional layers needed for Ethernet which is now added to the layers for the transport. In other words, the data from your files will have more overhead or layers for the same amount of data. A given file size will take longer because of the additional data required for the capsules.

You also lose trouble shooting ability. If a business is connected using standard transport, an ISP can ping right to the router in their facilities. If they are forced into a PPPoE delivery, the ISP cannot check their connection between the NOC and their location. Often it is a last mile (wires to the building) problem and there is no way to check that.

I could go further, but the answer is that for a business LAN, Ethernet is the way. But it is NOT for your internet connectivity to your ISP.

Now here's a few other tidbits often overlooked by a business when considering Ethernet as the backbone of their network infrastructure......

Ethernet is not cheaper than any other layer 2 protocol, also not in WAN bandwidth. Order a 100 Mbps from your friendly neighborhood provider and ask them specifically that you want a Sustainable Information Rate of 100%. You will be shocked to learn that it is nearly as expensive as an OC3 bandwidth. It becomes cheap because Ethernet is commonly overbooked without providers telling you that.

Yes Ethernet has it's advantages. But definitely not the advantage that you no longer need Customer Premises Equipment. On native Ethernet you can use layer 2 (VPLS). In which case you will have to maintain the switches on the WAN side. Or you can have layer 3 VLAN services. In which case your provider most likely will manage the routers.

Be aware that it is the VLAN's that are interesting. They are somewhat comparable to MPLS Classes of Service. Which means you can have a managed VLAN for different applications, with different service parameters. A provider that sets up his Ethernet backbone infrastructure correctly, would be able to provide high quality IP telephony over a TLAN with decent Quality of Service parameters (especially low jitter).

Note that if you were to purchase a fully managed MPLS VPN from most any company anywhere in the world, Ethernet would not bring you much more flexibility. But if you are going to need a lot more bandwidth with bursty character, you should target an Ethernet layer 3 managed network. No matter when a 100 Mbps Ethernet link is overbooked, most often you will still get more bandwidth and less congestion than on the SDH/SONET bandwidth parameter costing the same.

A key point is that at present native Ethernet coverage is still a myth in most parts of the world. Most often some electrical 155Mbps is simply squeezed down to 100 Mbps, because there simply isn't fiber at a location yet. 1Gbps or 10 Gbps is in that case not available or unbelievably expensive.

On Layer 3 this squeezing of SONET bandwidth does not pose a disadvantage. Because Layer 2 becomes near to trivial anyway, and a hybrid network is fine. You can easily hook up Classes of Service of MPLS with VLAN's. On Layer 2, there are not many providers that can provide a VPLS over any hybrid infrastructure network.

Now here's the bottom line (pun intended).......

In terms of quality and price-performance ratio, the supplier and your specific applications are much more important than the technology. However, currently for Internet applications ..... and purely because of the overbooked price difference of large bandwidths ..... Ethernet is preferable for most businesses.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com and Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

When would YOU choose DSL, T1, or DS3 Bandwidth as the network solution for your business .... and why/why not? What are the pros and cons for and against each bandwidth type in a business setting?

In general .....

The answer to these questions is truly related to your application requirements. If you run applications that are latency or Jitter impacted, then DSL may not provide you with the service levels you need.

An additional extension of that would be your requirements for uptime. MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) is typically greatly improved with DS1 and DS3 circuits.

The size of the business is not nearly as important as your application requirements. Many large organizations can survive with DSL or in some cases dial-up, but a small organization that has streaming application traffic, mission critical traffic, or small latency or jitter requirements then DS1 or greater connectivity would be required.

Lastly, though often primarily, cost helps determine your choices.

To be more specific ....

T1s and DS-3s give the same offering except for capacity. T1s give 1.5Mbps upload and download speeds per line. DS3s give 32-45mbps upload and download speeds.

ADSL typically give asymmetric upload and download speeds (ADSL) typically 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 Mbps download speeds and somewhere between 128 -768Mbps upload speeds.

Symmetrical DSL (SDSL) gives the same upload and download speeds, typically 384, 512 or 786Mbps upload and download.

Cable offerings vary with providers and location. Doing a comparison with cable would be impossible without knowing your provider and market. Not who your provider is and your location .... but knowing how your provider is in that particular market. Ask a local expert for that detail.

T1 and DS3 are very reliable with high MTBF (mean time between failure) and low MTTR (mean time to repair). Cable and DSL on the other side.

T1 and DS3 expensive, Cable and DSL more affordable.

If you do not have a need for high upload speeds, (VPN, VoIP, high Data transfer for backup/co-location, ftp streaming media or other high bandwidth services hosted in-house, etc) then an asymmetric connection is not evil. DSL/Cable may be a good choice in that case.

If you need high speed upload then T1/DS3 is needed.

Fro growing needs, T1 or fractional T3 is a good choice. After some point in growth, a full T3/DS3 becomes more economical.

For mission critical networks, two providers from two different physical points-of-entry may be necessary depending on the natural disasters you are likely to face.

Case study one: a company had a fractional T3 coming in from the East and another fractional T3 coming in from the West. Flooding and a sinkhole cut one T3. The network slowed down but stayed up.

Case study two: a company in South Florida lost its T1s and failed over to a Satellite link. Certain services were crippled by the latency of the system but their mission-critical applications kept running.

Which brings us to Satellite: usually asymmetric with extremely fast downloads (depending on service level) but typically slow uploads (but varies depending on service level). Has an intrinsic latency due to the speed of light and the distance of satellites. Advantage: natural disaster resistant, reliable, available everywhere and no last-mile issues.

In short...here's the 3 most important factors to consider.....

1- Link Speed and Committed Rate

T1 or DS3 can be purchased as dedicated point to point bandwidth. You will get the advertised speed guaranteed from point a to point b. KEY POINT if you are purchasing access to the internet and using the Internet to provide connectivity (VPN etc) then you are buying an on-ramp, the traffic on the "highway" after you get on could slow you down. Just because you bought a DS3 to the Internet doesn't mean that you will have DS3 access to everything onthe Internet.

2- Link Symmetry

T1 and DS3 give the same bandwidth in both directions when configured as point to point. Different flavors of DSL provide different up and downlink speeds.

3- QOS

T1 and DS3 are configurable to support TDM voice (straight out of your PBX). They can also support VoIP. If you are doing everything with VoIP it may not matter. If you are keeping some TDM voice it matters a lot.

For more help to find EXACTLY the right solution for your business network .... take advantage of the free services provided through DS3-Bandwidth.com. This comes in pretty handy considering how complicated evaluating your options could be. Plus using a free service such as this maximizes your resources .... time, effort, and manpower.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com and Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

When would YOU choose DSL, T1, or DS3 Bandwidth as the network solution for your business .... and why/why not? What are the pros and cons for and against each bandwidth type in a business setting?

In general .....

The answer to these questions is truly related to your application requirements. If you run applications that are latency or Jitter impacted, then DSL may not provide you with the service levels you need.

An additional extension of that would be your requirements for uptime. MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) is typically greatly improved with DS1 and DS3 circuits.

The size of the business is not nearly as important as your application requirements. Many large organizations can survive with DSL or in some cases dial-up, but a small organization that has streaming application traffic, mission critical traffic, or small latency or jitter requirements then DS1 or greater connectivity would be required.

Lastly, though often primarily, cost helps determine your choices.

To be more specific ....

T1s and DS-3s give the same offering except for capacity. T1s give 1.5Mbps upload and download speeds per line. DS3s give 32-45mbps upload and download speeds.

ADSL typically give asymmetric upload and download speeds (ADSL) typically 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 Mbps download speeds and somewhere between 128 -768Mbps upload speeds.

Symmetrical DSL (SDSL) gives the same upload and download speeds, typically 384, 512 or 786Mbps upload and download.

Cable offerings vary with providers and location. Doing a comparison with cable would be impossible without knowing your provider and market. Not who your provider is and your location .... but knowing how your provider is in that particular market. Ask a local expert for that detail.

T1 and DS3 are very reliable with high MTBF (mean time between failure) and low MTTR (mean time to repair). Cable and DSL on the other side.

T1 and DS3 expensive, Cable and DSL more affordable.

If you do not have a need for high upload speeds, (VPN, VoIP, high Data transfer for backup/co-location, ftp streaming media or other high bandwidth services hosted in-house, etc) then an asymmetric connection is not evil. DSL/Cable may be a good choice in that case.

If you need high speed upload then T1/DS3 is needed.

Fro growing needs, T1 or fractional T3 is a good choice. After some point in growth, a full T3/DS3 becomes more economical.

For mission critical networks, two providers from two different physical points-of-entry may be necessary depending on the natural disasters you are likely to face.

Case study one: a company had a fractional T3 coming in from the East and another fractional T3 coming in from the West. Flooding and a sinkhole cut one T3. The network slowed down but stayed up.

Case study two: a company in South Florida lost its T1s and failed over to a Satellite link. Certain services were crippled by the latency of the system but their mission-critical applications kept running.

Which brings us to Satellite: usually asymmetric with extremely fast downloads (depending on service level) but typically slow uploads (but varies depending on service level). Has an intrinsic latency due to the speed of light and the distance of satellites. Advantage: natural disaster resistant, reliable, available everywhere and no last-mile issues.

In short...here's the 3 most important factors to consider.....

1- Link Speed and Committed Rate

T1 or DS3 can be purchased as dedicated point to point bandwidth. You will get the advertised speed guaranteed from point a to point b. KEY POINT if you are purchasing access to the internet and using the Internet to provide connectivity (VPN etc) then you are buying an on-ramp, the traffic on the "highway" after you get on could slow you down. Just because you bought a DS3 to the Internet doesn't mean that you will have DS3 access to everything onthe Internet.

2- Link Symmetry

T1 and DS3 give the same bandwidth in both directions when configured as point to point. Different flavors of DSL provide different up and downlink speeds.

3- QOS

T1 and DS3 are configurable to support TDM voice (straight out of your PBX). They can also support VoIP. If you are doing everything with VoIP it may not matter. If you are keeping some TDM voice it matters a lot.

For more help to find EXACTLY the right solution for your business network .... take advantage of the free services provided through DS3-Bandwidth.com. This comes in pretty handy considering how complicated evaluating your options could be. Plus using a free service such as this maximizes your resources .... time, effort, and manpower.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com and Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

Most people don't know that they already have everything they need to start saving money using internet telephony, or VoIP. All you have to have is a regular telephone and high-speed internet access. That's it! If you have both of those, you are ready to start saving loads of money on local and long distance phone calls.

It is inevitable that VOIP will replace traditional telephone service at some point. The only question is when should you jump in?

VOIP is quickly becoming more reliable and receiving wider acceptance. In fact, phone companies are already taking advantage of the technology to provide cheaper long distance rates. Like any emerging technology, however, there are kinks in the system that are still being worked out.

Advantages:

Internet Phone Service has numerous advantages over traditional telephone service. The most obvious is the cost benefits. If you have a high-speed internet connection, you can make phone calls from PC-to-PC anywhere in the world for FREE! More common PC-to-Phone calls usually come with a small charge but are still much cheaper than regular phone service.

For a small monthly fee, you can sign up with a VoIP service provider and get unlimited calls within the country! International calls can also be made for a fraction of the cost of regular service.

Another advantage is its portability. You can make and receive phone calls wherever there is a broadband connection by simply signing in to your VOIP account. This makes VOIP as convenient as e-mail. When you're traveling, you simply pack a headset or Internet phone; then you can talk to family or colleagues for next to nothing.

Phone-to-phone VOIP is also portable. Internet phones are small and light enough to take anywhere. When you sign up with a VOIP service provider, the Internet phone or adaptor used by that service is assigned a unique number. This 'phone number' remains valid, even if your VOIP service is in Los Angeles and you're connected to the Internet in London. When plugged into a broadband connection, anywhere in the world, you can make and receive calls as though you were at home.

Features like call forwarding, call waiting, voicemail, caller ID and 3way-calling, are included with Internet telephone at no extra charge. While you're talking on the phone, you can send pictures and documents at the same time.

Disadvantages:

Unfortunately, there are a couple of minor drawbacks you may experience. The first is the fact that you would loose service during a power outage and the other is limited emergency calling.

Conventional phone service continues by the current supplied through the phone line during a blackout. This isn't possible with Internet phones. When the power goes, there goes VOIP service. Battery backups and power generators that provide electricity are the current solutions to this problem.

Emergency (911) calls are another concern for many potential customers as well. In the event that you need to call 911 but can't speak or have to leave, your call can be traced when dialed from a traditional phone. However, this is not the case with VoIP. Fortunately, there is currently technology being developed called 'e911' that will make this possible, so this will not be a problem for much longer.

VOIP also has sound quality and reliability problems. Data sent across the Internet usually arrives at its destination scrambled. E-mail and documents can be reassembled in the correct order when it arrives. Voice data also arrives scrambled, but it's more complicated because of the real-time nature of VOIP. Some data packets may have to be dropped when they don't arrive in time, in order to make voice connections with the least delay. This can cause brief silences in the audio stream.

Your internet connection speed and the distance of the call are the two biggest factors in the quality of the call. If you are in a high-traffic area this may also cause some loss in the quality of the conversation. Once again, technology is constantly being improved on and this is becoming less and less of an inconvenience.

While the disadvantages mentioned above currently present minor problems, it is expected that these will be corrected by the year 2008 and VoIP technology will have become the industry standard for telephone communication.

About The Author
Mark Hipp is an avid technology and amatuer radio enthusiast. He also manages several websites including:
http://www.vonage-broadband-phone-service.com
http://www.ipod-nano-store.com
http://www.goodasnewmusic.com

Most people don't know that they already have everything they need to start saving money using internet telephony, or VoIP. All you have to have is a regular telephone and high-speed internet access. That's it! If you have both of those, you are ready to start saving loads of money on local and long distance phone calls.

It is inevitable that VOIP will replace traditional telephone service at some point. The only question is when should you jump in?

VOIP is quickly becoming more reliable and receiving wider acceptance. In fact, phone companies are already taking advantage of the technology to provide cheaper long distance rates. Like any emerging technology, however, there are kinks in the system that are still being worked out.

Advantages:

Internet Phone Service has numerous advantages over traditional telephone service. The most obvious is the cost benefits. If you have a high-speed internet connection, you can make phone calls from PC-to-PC anywhere in the world for FREE! More common PC-to-Phone calls usually come with a small charge but are still much cheaper than regular phone service.

For a small monthly fee, you can sign up with a VoIP service provider and get unlimited calls within the country! International calls can also be made for a fraction of the cost of regular service.

Another advantage is its portability. You can make and receive phone calls wherever there is a broadband connection by simply signing in to your VOIP account. This makes VOIP as convenient as e-mail. When you're traveling, you simply pack a headset or Internet phone; then you can talk to family or colleagues for next to nothing.

Phone-to-phone VOIP is also portable. Internet phones are small and light enough to take anywhere. When you sign up with a VOIP service provider, the Internet phone or adaptor used by that service is assigned a unique number. This 'phone number' remains valid, even if your VOIP service is in Los Angeles and you're connected to the Internet in London. When plugged into a broadband connection, anywhere in the world, you can make and receive calls as though you were at home.

Features like call forwarding, call waiting, voicemail, caller ID and 3way-calling, are included with Internet telephone at no extra charge. While you're talking on the phone, you can send pictures and documents at the same time.

Disadvantages:

Unfortunately, there are a couple of minor drawbacks you may experience. The first is the fact that you would loose service during a power outage and the other is limited emergency calling.

Conventional phone service continues by the current supplied through the phone line during a blackout. This isn't possible with Internet phones. When the power goes, there goes VOIP service. Battery backups and power generators that provide electricity are the current solutions to this problem.

Emergency (911) calls are another concern for many potential customers as well. In the event that you need to call 911 but can't speak or have to leave, your call can be traced when dialed from a traditional phone. However, this is not the case with VoIP. Fortunately, there is currently technology being developed called 'e911' that will make this possible, so this will not be a problem for much longer.

VOIP also has sound quality and reliability problems. Data sent across the Internet usually arrives at its destination scrambled. E-mail and documents can be reassembled in the correct order when it arrives. Voice data also arrives scrambled, but it's more complicated because of the real-time nature of VOIP. Some data packets may have to be dropped when they don't arrive in time, in order to make voice connections with the least delay. This can cause brief silences in the audio stream.

Your internet connection speed and the distance of the call are the two biggest factors in the quality of the call. If you are in a high-traffic area this may also cause some loss in the quality of the conversation. Once again, technology is constantly being improved on and this is becoming less and less of an inconvenience.

While the disadvantages mentioned above currently present minor problems, it is expected that these will be corrected by the year 2008 and VoIP technology will have become the industry standard for telephone communication.

About The Author
Mark Hipp is an avid technology and amatuer radio enthusiast. He also manages several websites including:
http://www.vonage-broadband-phone-service.com
http://www.ipod-nano-store.com
http://www.goodasnewmusic.com

In the last part of this guide I told you how to determine the speed of your broadband connection using online broadband speed tests to see if you're getting your money's worth, I also covered how to decide what speed of broadband you realistically need without spending needless extra amounts on bandwidth you aren't going to use.

Well now we move on to the usage section of this guide, due to the vast nature of the Internet it can be used in millions of different ways from talking to a family member halfway round the world to looking up the recipe for that cheesecake you enjoyed as a kid. Depending on how you use the Internet can determine whether you can get cheaper broadband or not.

Are limits any good?

Internet Service Suppliers provide Broadband to millions of people in this country, and each one has thousands in any one town or city. Providing a service to these customers is exactly like providing running water, in order to ensure everyone gets their fair share then sometimes limits have to be put in place, with internet suppliers you may be able to get a cheaper deal by agreeing that you will only use a certain amount per month.

This is normally measured in Gigabytes and is recommended for people who don't use the Internet that much, people who have opted for this service have found that their service is much quicker than the same speed group for people who are on unlimited download services. Obviously if you go over your limit then it is charged in a similar way to a mobile phone contract.

Unlimited on the other hand allows you to download to your heart's content with no fear of extra charges for being an Internet-fiend for one month. Unlimited plans have come under scrutiny in recent years in that they are not necessarily "unlimited" per say, in order to maintain the same quality of service to all their customers in your area your broadband supplier may have a fair-use policy, as if you are downloading movies and large files all the time then it will have an effect on other people's service. In these cases repeated offenders are normally sent a letter saying that they should lower their usage as it isn't fair to others, if the behaviour continues then it has been known for suppliers to indiscriminately lower the user's speed but not reduce the cost.

So for cases where you know you are not going to be downloading large files (typically less than 5gb/month) then you may like to consider looking into applying limits on your connection, it could be the key you need to cheap broadband!

Packages: Sweetening the deal

The lines between the Internet and traditional media such as Television and Radio have been blurred quite a bit in the past few years, with sites like Youtube and the BBC's iPlayer these days many people are looking to the World Wide Web for their fix of entertainment.

The Cable and Satellite companies have recognized this fact and have rolled with the punches, most media companies now offer cheaper rates on bundled packages, normally consisting of Broadband, TV and landline phones, Virgin Media include packages that include mobile telephones too since they have their own mobile network.

Big savings can be made if you are willing to change all your needs to one supplier, typically if you get all three from the list above then you can pay as little as 30 per month for the lot, it may be worth mentioning that these deals tend to offer the typically average speeds and deals and so can be good for the majority of internet users but those who are desperate for lightening quick speeds can end up having to pay a premium on top of their bundle, that said apart from the savings it can also help with managing bills, or at least cut them down to one.

At this point you should have a good idea of what your usage needs are, whether you're a download-aholic or just a casual user and whether considering a supplier with download limits is a realistic option for you. As well as the speed you determined in the previous part of this guide you should also be aware of bundled packages where you can save money by consolidating your home services. The next part of this guide will cover how to go about ordering new broadband and if you already have broadband then I'll talk you though the task of saying goodbye to your old supplier and hello to your new one.

If you are looking for cheap broadband whether you have an existing provider or not then you can compare broadband deals online. Also if you are thinking about changing your supplier then check your connection using one of the various broadband speed test websites to see whether you are getting your money's worth.